Keratin biomass is derived from living organisms or from their body parts after death.The major livestock’s of keratin includes sheepskins, goatskins, cattle hides, feathers,hairs, and buffalo hides as shown in Fig. 1. Skin and its appendages such as feathers,wool, nails, hooves, hair, scales, and stratum corneum are the richest sources ofkeratin (Kim 2007). It can be extracted from animal horns and hooves, wool, feathers,and human hairs (Fig. 1). Food industry produces million tons of keratin biomass.About 80% of human hair is formed of keratin only (Kaplin 1982; Wagner and Joekes2005). It provides flexibility, strength, durability, and functionality to the hair in theform of different conformations (Velasco et al. 2009). Keratinous materials based onα- and β-keratins are discussed in Table 2